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A Tale of Two Birds

Key points

A Bird and Her Babies: In a forest, there was a bird with two baby birds. They lived in a nest in a tall tree, and the mother bird took care of them.

Storm and Tragedy: One day, a big storm hit the forest. The tree with their nest fell down because of the strong wind. Sadly, the mother bird died when a heavy branch hit the nest, but the baby birds were blown away by the wind to different parts of the forest.

Different Destinations: The two baby birds landed in different places. One ended up near a cave where robbers lived, and the other landed near the home of a wise man called a rishi.

Encounters with the King: Later, the baby birds grew up into big birds. One day, the king of the country got lost in the forest while hunting. He first encountered a bird near the robbers' cave, and then he found another bird near the rishi's ashram.

Different Behaviors: The bird near the robbers' cave tried to trick the king into danger by pretending to call for help but actually planning to rob him. However, the bird near the rishi's ashram welcomed the king kindly and guided him to rest.

Lesson Learned: The king told the wise man about the two birds and how they behaved differently. The wise man explained that birds' behavior reflected the company they kept. The bird near the robbers learned bad things from them, while the other bird near the ashram learned kindness.

Moral of the Story: The wise man taught that the company we keep influences our behavior, and it's important to choose good friends who influence us positively.
Exercise
How did the two baby birds get separated?

The two baby birds got separated because of a big storm that hit the forest where they lived with their mother. The strong wind blew down the tall tree where their nest was located. The wind blew the baby birds in different directions, carrying them away to different parts of the forest. One landed near a cave where robbers lived, and the other landed near the home of a wise man called a rishi. So, the storm caused the separation of the baby birds.

Where did each of them find a home?

After they were separated by the storm, each of the baby birds found a different place to call home:

One of the baby birds landed near a cave where a gang of robbers lived. This bird made its home near the robbers' cave.

The other baby bird landed outside a rishi’s ashram, which is a place where wise men live and teach. This bird found a home near the ashram of the wise man.

What did the first bird say to the stranger?

The first bird, which landed near the cave where the robbers lived, said something alarming to the stranger. It pretended to call for help, saying, “Quick! Hurry up! There’s someone under the tree. Come and take his jewels and his horse. Hurry, or else he’ll slip away.” This was a trick to lure the stranger into danger so that the robbers could rob him.

What did the second bird say to him?

The second bird, which landed near the rishi's ashram, greeted the stranger kindly. It said, "Welcome to the ashram, Sir. Please go inside and rest. The rishi will be back soon. There’s some cold water in the pot. Please make yourself comfortable." This bird showed hospitality and welcomed the stranger to the ashram, offering him a place to rest and some water.

How did the rishi explain the different ways in which the birds behaved?

The rishi explained that the behavior of the two birds was influenced by the company they kept. He pointed out that one bird had made friends with robbers and had learned their ways, while the other bird lived near the ashram and had learned kindness and hospitality from the wise people there. So, the rishi suggested that the bird near the robbers imitated them and talked about robbing people because that's what it learned from its companions. On the other hand, the bird near the ashram learned to welcome people and be kind from the company of the wise and good-hearted people who lived there.

Which one of the following sums up the story best?
- (i) A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
- (ii) One is known by the company one keeps.
- (iii) A friend in need is a friend indeed.
The statement that best sums up the story is:

(ii) One is known by the company one keeps.

This statement reflects the central theme of the story, which is that the behavior of the birds was influenced by the company they kept. One bird learned kindness and hospitality because it lived near a wise man, while the other bird learned bad behavior from the robbers it associated with.

Important Words and their meaning

Words	Meaning	Collins	Cambridge
Nest	A structure made by a bird for laying eggs and sheltering its young.	[Click here]	[Click here]
Forest	A large area covered mainly with trees and plants.	[Click here]	[Click here]
Thunder	The loud noise heard from the sky during a storm.	[Click here]	[Click here]
Lightning	A sudden flash of light in the sky during a storm, caused by electrical discharge.	[Click here]	[Click here]

Phrasal Verb and their meaning

Came down: landed or arrived at a place.

Got off: dismounted from a horse or vehicle.

Looked up: directed your eyes upwards.

Rode after: followed the deer while riding his horse.

Rode on: continued riding.

Rode away: to depart on horseback, especially quickly.

Sat down: took a seat.

Slip away: king's potential escape from the robbers.
Sentence Fun:
- Simple Sentence: A simple sentence contains just one independent clause, which means it has one subject and one predicate. Example:
- Compound Sentence: A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and", "but", or "or". Example:
- Complex Sentence: A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, which cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.. Example:

Present Continuous

What is a Present Continuous Tense?

The present continuous tense, also known as the present progressive tense, is used to indicate actions or events happening now, developing now, or in progress.

It can also be used for temporary actions, repeated actions, or to talk about future plans.

As per the Cambridge Dictionary, the Present Continuous is "the verb form used for actions or events that are happening or developing now".

As per the Collins Dictionary, the Present Progressive is "a verb form consisting of an auxiliary be in the present tense followed by a present participle and used esp. to indicate that a present action or event is in progress, being repeated, or of a temporary nature or to express the future".
When to use Present Continuous Tense?
The present continuous tense is used to describe actions or situations that are happening now, or around now.
1. Current Actions: Actions happening at the moment of speaking. Example:
2. Ongoing Processes: Events or actions that are happening now and haven't finished yet. Example:
3. Temporary Situations: Describing temporary states or situations. Example:
4. Repetitive Actions: Repeated actions that happen regularly, even if they aren't happening at the exact moment of speaking. Example:
5. Future Plans: Indicating arrangements or plans for the near future. Example:

Structure of Present Continuous Tense

The present continuous tense is formed using a combination of the present tense of the auxiliary verb "to be" (am, is, are) and the present participle (verb + -ing). The structure of the present continuous tense is as follows:

Type of sentence	Structure of sentence
Affirmative	subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing + rest of the sentence
Negative	subject + am/is/are + not + verb + -ing + rest of the sentence
Interrogative (Question)	am/is/are + subject + verb + -ing + rest of the sentence?
Negative Interrogative (Question)	am/is/are + subject + not + verb + -ing + rest of the sentence?

Present Continuous Tense - Affirmative sentences

Affirmative sentences in the Present Continuous Tense are used to describe actions or situations that are currently happening or in progress. They indicate ongoing actions or temporary situations taking place at the present moment or around the current time.

Structure: Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

Person	Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Verb	Rest of sentence
1st Singular	I	am	eating	dinner at the moment.
2nd Singular	You	are	reading	a book right now.
3rd Singular	He	is	watching	a movie this evening.
	She	is	playing	the piano at the recital.
	It	is	raining	outside currently.
1st Plural	We	are	going	to the park later.
2nd Plural	You	are	studying	for the exam together.
3rd Plural	They	are	travelling	to Europe next week.

Note: The Present Continuous Tense is formed by using the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb "to be" (am, is, are) in combination with the present participle (verb + -ing). The auxiliary verb "to be" changes according to the subject of the sentence.

Present Continous Tense - Negative sentences

Negative sentences in the Present Continuous Tense are used to express the absence or denial of ongoing actions or situations. They indicate that something is not happening at the present moment or around the current time.

Structure: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb + -ing

Person	Subject	Auxiliary verb	Negation	Verb	Rest of sentence
1st Singular	I	am	not	eating	dinner at the moment.
2nd Singular	You	do	not	reading	a book right now.
3rd Singular	He	is	not	watching	a movie this evening.
	She	is	not	playing	the piano at the recital.
	It	is	not	raining	outside currently.
1st Plural	We	are	not	going	to the park later.
2nd Plural	You	are	not	studying	for the exam together.
3rd Plural	They	are	not	travelling	to Europe next week.

Note: To express negation in the Present Continuous Tense, the word "not" is placed after the auxiliary verb "to be" (am, is, are). This combination of the auxiliary verb and "not" indicates the absence or denial of ongoing actions or situations in the present moment or around the current time.

Present Continuous Tense - Question sentences

Question sentences in the Present Continuous Tense are used to inquire about ongoing actions or situations. They seek information about what is happening at the present moment or around the current time.

Structure: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + -ing?

Person	Auxiliary verb	Subject	Verb	Rest of sentence
1st Singular	Am	I	eating	dinner at the moment?
2nd Singular	Are	you	reading	a book right now?
3rd Singular	Is	he	watching	a movie this evening?
	Is	she	playing	the piano at the recital?
	Is	it	raining	outside currently?
1st Plural	Are	we	going	to the park later?
2nd Plural	Are	you	studying	for the exam together?
3rd Plural	Are	they	travelling	to Europe next week?

Note: In the Present Continuous Tense, question sentences are formed by placing the auxiliary verbs "am," "is," or "are" before the subject. This structure allows us to inquire about ongoing actions or situations happening in the present moment or around the current time.

Present Continuous Tense - Negative Question sentences

Negative question sentences in the Present Continuous Tense combine elements of both negation and inquiry. They are used to inquire about the absence or denial of ongoing actions or situations.

Structure: Am/Is/Are + subject + not + verb + -ing?

Person	Auxiliary verb	Subject	Negation	Verb	Rest of sentence
1st Singular	Am	I	not	eating	dinner at the moment?
2nd Singular	Are	you	not	reading	a book right now?
3rd Singular	Is	he	not	watching	a movie this evening?
	Is	she	not	playing	the piano at the recital?
	Is	it	not	raining	ourside currently?
1st Plural	Are	we	not	going	to the park later?
2nd Plural	Are	you	not	studying	for the exam together?
3rd Plural	Are	they	not	travelling	to Europe next week?

Note: In negative question sentences, the auxiliary verbs "am," "is," and "are" are placed before the subject, followed by the negation "not." The main verb in the present participle form (-ing) comes next, and the rest of the sentence completes the question structure. This allows for inquiries about the absence or denial of ongoing actions or situations in the Present Continuous Tense.

Videos on Present Continuous Tense

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Test on Sentence

What is a Sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense and expresses a complete thought.

Imagine a sentence like a mini story! It has words that all work together to tell you something complete. A sentence usually has two main parts:
- Who/What: This tells you who or what the sentence is about. It's like the main character! We call this the subject.
- What Happens: This tells you what the character is doing or what's happening to them. It's like the action part of the story! We call this the predicate.
For example, in "Spot barks," "Spot" is the subject (the who) and "barks" is the predicate (the action).
Sentence Talk!
There are different ways sentences can tell stories! Here are a few types:
1. Telling Sentences (Declarative): These sentences tell us something. They make a statement or an announcement. They always end with a period (.) like a full stop. Example:
2. Asking Sentences (Interrogative): These sentences ask a question. They always end with a question mark(?). Example:
3. Bossy Sentences (Imperative): These sentences give an order, instruction, or request. They often end with a period (.) or an exclamation mark (!) for emphasis. Example:
4. Feeling Sentences (Exclamatory): These sentences express strong feelings and emotions like surprise, excitement, or sadness. They always end with an exclamation mark (!). Example:
Punctuation Power!
Punctuation marks help us understand the meaning and structure of a sentence.
- Period (.): Used at the end of a declarative or imperative sentence. This tells us the sentence is finished, like a full stop in a story.
- Question mark (?): Used at the end of an interrogative sentence. This shows we're asking something.
- Exclamation mark (!): Used at the end of an exclamatory sentence. This shows strong feelings, like a big surprise.

Sentence Stars:

Have you ever wondered how sentences work? Well, let’s dive into the exciting world of sentences and discover their secret ingredients!

Subject: The subject is the main person, animal, or thing in a sentence. It's who or what the sentence is about. This is the main character or thing that the sentence talks about.
It's like the star of a story. For example, in the sentence "Sally loves to play," "Sally" is the subject because she's the one the sentence is about.
Predicate: The predicate is what the subject is doing in a sentence. It's like the action part of the sentence, telling us what's happening. Imagine it as the fun part of the story where things happen!
This is what the subject is doing or what's happening to it. It's like the action part of the sentence. In our example sentence, "loves to play" is the predicate because it tells us what Sally loves to do.
Verb: A verb is a word that shows action or state of being in a sentence. It's what someone or something is doing.
This is the action word that shows what the subject is doing. It's like the engine that drives the sentence forward. In "Sally loves to play," "loves" is the verb because it shows what Sally does.
Object: The object is the person, thing, or place that receives the action of the verb. It's the thing that the action is being done to. You can think of it as the receiver of the action.
Sometimes, there's something or someone else involved in the action. That's where the object comes in. It's the thing that receives the action of the verb. In our sentence, "to play" is what Sally loves, so it's the object.
Modifiers: Modifiers are words or phrases that give more details about other words in a sentence.
These are words or phrases that give more details about other words in the sentence. They make the story more interesting or clearer. For example, if we say "The big dog chased the small cat," "big" is a modifier because it tells us more about the dog.

Parts of Sentence
Subject	Predicate
Subject	Verb	Object

Sentence Fun:
- Simple Sentence: A simple sentence contains just one independent clause, which means it has one subject and one predicate. Example:
- Compound Sentence: A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and", "but", or "or". Example:
- Complex Sentence: A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, which cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.. Example:

English Grammar, Sentence

Understanding Sentences

Understanding Sentences

What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense and expresses a complete thought.
Imagine a sentence like a mini story! It has words that all work together to tell you something complete. A sentence usually has two main parts:

Who/What: This tells you who or what the sentence is about. It's like the main character! We call this the subject.
What Happens: This tells you what the character is doing or what's happening to them. It's like the action part of the story! We call this the predicate.

For example, in "Spot barks," "Spot" is the subject (the who) and "barks" is the predicate (the action).

Sentence Talk!

There are different ways sentences can tell stories! Here are a few types:

Telling Sentences (Declarative): These sentences tell us something. They make a statement or an announcement. They always end with a period (.) like a full stop. Example:

The cat chased the mouse. (This sentence tells us what the cat did.)

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. (This sentence tells us what the Humpty and Dumpty did.)

Asking Sentences (Interrogative): These sentences ask a question. They always end with a question mark(?). Example:

What is your name? (This sentence asks for information.)
Where do you live? (This sentence asks for a location.)

Bossy Sentences (Imperative): These sentences give an order, instruction, or request. They often end with a period (.) or an exclamation mark (!) for emphasis. Example:

Please close the door. (This sentence asks someone to do something politely.)
Stop! (This sentence gives a strong command.)
Be quiet. (This sentence gives a general instruction.)
Have mercy upon us. (This sentence expresses a plea for compassion.)

Feeling Sentences (Exclamatory): These sentences express strong feelings and emotions like surprise, excitement, or sadness. They always end with an exclamation mark (!). Example:

Wow, that was a close call! (This sentence shows surprise.)
This ice cream is delicious! (This sentence shows excitement.)
How cold the night is! (This sentence expresses surprise or observation.)
What a shame! (This sentence expresses disappointment or disapproval.)

Punctuation Power!

Punctuation marks help us understand the meaning and structure of a sentence.

Period (.): Used at the end of a declarative or imperative sentence. This tells us the sentence is finished, like a full stop in a story.
Question mark (?): Used at the end of an interrogative sentence. This shows we're asking something.
Exclamation mark (!): Used at the end of an exclamatory sentence. This shows strong feelings, like a big surprise.

Sentence Stars:

Have you ever wondered how sentences work? Well, let’s dive into the exciting world of sentences and discover their secret ingredients!

Subject: The subject is the main person, animal, or thing in a sentence. It's who or what the sentence is about. This is the main character or thing that the sentence talks about.
It's like the star of a story. For example, in the sentence "Sally loves to play," "Sally" is the subject because she's the one the sentence is about.
Predicate: The predicate is what the subject is doing in a sentence. It's like the action part of the sentence, telling us what's happening. Imagine it as the fun part of the story where things happen!
This is what the subject is doing or what's happening to it. It's like the action part of the sentence. In our example sentence, "loves to play" is the predicate because it tells us what Sally loves to do.
Verb: A verb is a word that shows action or state of being in a sentence. It's what someone or something is doing.
This is the action word that shows what the subject is doing. It's like the engine that drives the sentence forward. In "Sally loves to play," "loves" is the verb because it shows what Sally does.
Object: The object is the person, thing, or place that receives the action of the verb. It's the thing that the action is being done to. You can think of it as the receiver of the action.
Sometimes, there's something or someone else involved in the action. That's where the object comes in. It's the thing that receives the action of the verb. In our sentence, "to play" is what Sally loves, so it's the object.
Modifiers: Modifiers are words or phrases that give more details about other words in a sentence.
These are words or phrases that give more details about other words in the sentence. They make the story more interesting or clearer. For example, if we say "The big dog chased the small cat," "big" is a modifier because it tells us more about the dog.

Sentence Fun:

Simple Sentence: A simple sentence contains just one independent clause, which means it has one subject and one predicate. Example:

The sun shines.

Compound Sentence: A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and", "but", or "or". Example:

The sun shines, and the birds sing.

Complex Sentence: A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, which cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.. Example:

After it rained, the sun came out.

Introduction

Imagine you have marbles! We use numbers to count them, like 1, 2, 3, and so on. These numbers that help us count are called natural numbers.

Think of adding one marble to your pile. That's called the successor. So, the successor of 5 is 6 because you add 1. We can also take one away, that's the predecessor. The predecessor of 8 is 7 because you remove 1.

Every number (except 1) has a successor, but 1 is special! It only has a successor (2) because there's no number before 1 to remove from.

These numbers can be used to count anything, like people in a room, stars in the sky (if we could!), or even your hair (if you're patient)! And no matter how many things you count, there's always a bigger number possible by adding 1. So, there's no biggest number!
Whole Numbers
Natural numbers: Imagine you have apples and you count them: 1, 2, 3, 4... These counting numbers, starting from 1 and going up forever, are called natural numbers. They don't include zero because we don't start counting from nothing.

Whole numbers: Now imagine you get a basket and put all your apples in it, even if it's empty. That emptiness is like zero. So, whole numbers include all the natural numbers (1, 2, 3...) AND zero (0). It's like the whole bunch of counting numbers, including zero.

Key points:
- All natural numbers are whole numbers (because they're included in the bunch).
- But not all whole numbers are natural numbers (because zero isn't a counting number).
- There's no biggest whole number, because you can always add 1 to any number and get a bigger one!
The Number Line
Imagine a ruler! That's our number line. Zero (0) is marked first, then to its right we mark 1, leaving the same space between them (called 1 unit). Keep marking numbers this way, 2, 3, 4... you can go on forever!

Comparing numbers:
- Numbers further to the right are bigger! So, 5 is bigger than 3 because it's to the right. We write this as 5 > 3.
- The opposite is also true! Numbers to the left are smaller. So, 2 is smaller than 7 because it's to the left. We write this as 2 < 7.
Try it yourself:
- Which is bigger, 10 or 20?
- Mark 12, 18, and 30 on your number line. Which is furthest left?
- Looking at 1005 and 9756, which would be on the right?
Adding and subtracting:
- Imagine jumping on the number line! To add 3 and 4, start at 3 and jump 4 times to the right (landing on 7). So, 3 + 4 = 7.
- Subtracting is like jumping backwards! To find 7 - 5, start at 7 and jump 5 times to the left (landing on 2). So, 7 - 5 = 2.
Multiplying:
- Think of jumping bigger jumps! To find 4 x 3, start at 0 and make 4 jumps of 3 units each (landing on 12). So, 4 x 3 = 12.
Tips

How to find the whole numbers between two given whole numbers?

Let's say you need to count whole numbers between the given whole number 5 and 10. Hence you will look up at the word "between".

If you simply count from 5 to 10, i.e. 10 - 5, you'll get 5. However, we don't include the given numbers. Therefore, to find the correct count of whole numbers between those two given whole numbers, we subtract 1. In this case, 5 - 1 = 4, which is the correct answer.
Points to remember
- 0 is the smallest whole number.
- All natural numbers are whole numbers.
- All whole numbers are not natural numbers.
- The natural number 1 has no predecessor.
- The whole number 0 has no predecessor.
- The successor of a two-digit number is not always a two-digit number.
- The predecessor of a two-digit number is not always a two-digit number.
- Every whole number has a successor.
- Every whole number except zero has a predecessor.
- The numbers 1, 2, 3,... which we use for counting are known as natural numbers.
- If you add 1 to a natural number, we get its successor. If you subtract 1 from a natural number, you get its predecessor.
Exercise

The next three natural numbers after \(10999\) are:
\(11000 \)
\( 11001 \)
\( 11002 \)

[Remember, natural numbers start from 1 and continue infinitely, increasing by 1 each time.]

The three whole numbers occurring just before \(10001\) are:
\( 10000 \)
\( 9999 \)
\( 9998 \)

The smallest whole number is \(0\).
[Remember, 0 is not a natural numbers.]

We can count them all: \(33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52\).
We can also solve this problem mathematically.
The number of whole numbers between \(32\) and \(53\) is:
\(\text{Number of whole numbers} = (\text{higher number} - \text{lower number}) - 1 \)
\(\text{Number of whole numbers} = (53 - 32) -1 \)
\(\text{Number of whole numbers} = 21 - 1 \)
\(\text{Number of whole numbers} = 20 \)
There are \(20\) whole numbers between \(32\) and \(53\).

(a) Successor of 2440701: \(2440701 + 1 = 2440702\).
(b) Successor of 100199: \(100199 + 1 = 100200\).
(c) Successor of 1099999: \(1099999 + 1 = 1100000\).
(d) Successor of 2345670: \(2345670 + 1 = 2345671\).

(a) Successor of 94: \(94 - 1 = 93\).
(b) Successor of 10000: \(10000 - 1 = 9999\).
(c) Successor of 208090: \(208090 - 1 = 208089\).
(d) Successor of 7654321: \(7654321 - 1 = 7654320\).

(a) \( 530 > 503 \).
(b) \( 370 > 307 \).
(c) \( 98765 > 56789 \).
(d) \( 983415 < 1002301 \).

CBSE VI SCIENCE

Sorting Materials into Groups - CBSE - VI - SCIENCE

Objects Around Us

Everywhere we look, there's a huge variety of objects. Examples: Chairs, Bullock carts, Cycles, Cooking utensils, Books, Clothes, Toys, Water, Stones, And many more objects.
There are objects that are round in shape. Examples: Rubber ball, Football, Glass marble.
There are objects that are almost round in shape. Examples: Apples, Oranges, Earthen pitcher (Gharha).
There are objects made of plastics. Examples: Buckets, Lunch boxes, Toys, Water containers, Pipes.
Everything around us is made of materials. Examples: Glass, Metal, Plastics, Wood, Cotton, Paper, Mud, Soil.

Objects and the materials they are made of

Objects	Materials they are made of
Plate (thali)	Steel, glass, plastics (any other)
Pen	Plastics, metal

What are the types of Subject?

There are three main types of subjects in English: simple subjects, compound subjects, and complete subjects.

Simple subject is a single noun or pronoun that tells us who or what the sentence is about. For example, in the sentence "The cat jumped on the table," the simple subject is "cat."

Compound subject is two or more simple subjects joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet). For example, in the sentence "The cat and the dog jumped on the table," the compound subject is "cat and dog."

Complete subject is a simple subject plus any modifiers that describe it. For example, in the sentence "The big, black cat jumped on the table," the complete subject is "The big, black cat."

Here are some more examples of simple subjects, compound subjects, and complete subjects:

Subject
Simple	Compound	Complete
dog	dog and cat	The big, black dog
students	students and teachers	The students in my class
book	book or magazine	The book or magazine on the table
flowers	flowers but not trees	The blooming flowers but not the trees
rain	rain nor wind	Neither rain nor wind
team	team for victory	The determined team for victory
dog	dog yet no owner	The abandoned dog yet no owner

How Subjects are used in Sentences?

Subjects are an essential component of sentences and play a crucial role in conveying information. In grammar, the subject is the noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that typically performs the action described by the verb or is associated with a state or condition expressed by the verb.

Here are some ways subjects are used in sentences:

Subject performing an action:

"John runs every morning." (John is the subject performing the action "runs.")
"The cat chased the mouse." (The cat is the subject performing the action "chased.")

Subject being described:

"She is a talented singer." (She is the subject being described as a "talented singer.")
"The house appears haunted." (The house is the subject being described as "haunted.")

Subject indicating a state or condition:

"The sky is clear." (The sky is the subject indicating the state or condition of being "clear.")
"The children were excited." (The children are the subject indicating the state of being "excited.")

Subject in passive voice:

"The book was written by Jane." (The book is the subject, even though it receives the action of being "written.")

Subject in a question:

"Who is coming to the party?" (Who is the subject of the sentence, and the action is "coming.")

Subject in commands or imperatives:

"Please pass the salt." (You is the implied subject in this command, as in "You, please pass the salt.")

Remember, the subject is usually located at the beginning of a sentence, but in some cases, it can appear later in the sentence or be implied. Identifying the subject is crucial for understanding the overall meaning and structure of a sentence.

Why the Subject of a Sentence is Important?

The subject of a sentence is an essential component because it plays a crucial role in establishing the focus and meaning of the sentence. Here are a few reasons why the subject is important:

Grammatical function: The subject is responsible for indicating who or what is performing the action or being described in a sentence. It helps to establish the basic sentence structure and enables proper understanding of the relationships between different parts of the sentence.
Subject-verb agreement: The subject of a sentence determines the form of the verb that follows it. Verbs must agree with their subjects in terms of number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third). Understanding the subject helps ensure grammatical accuracy in constructing sentences.

Semantic clarity: The subject provides clarity about the main focus of a sentence. It helps the reader or listener identify the central element or entity being discussed or acted upon. Without a clear subject, the sentence may become confusing or ambiguous.
Information organization: The subject often appears at the beginning of a sentence, allowing for smoother communication and improved readability. By presenting the subject early on, the sentence structure becomes more coherent, enabling readers to anticipate the information that follows and understand the context better.
Topic prominence: The subject often represents the topic or theme of a sentence. It serves as a starting point for introducing new information or providing additional details related to the subject. By highlighting the subject, the writer or speaker can effectively guide the reader or listener's attention and maintain coherence within the text.

Overall, the subject of a sentence helps establish the basic structure, agreement, clarity, and coherence of a sentence, ensuring effective communication and facilitating the understanding of the intended message.

Common issues on usage of the Subject in sentence

When it comes to using the subject in a sentence, there are several common issues that people may encounter. Here are some of them:

Subject-verb agreement: The subject and the verb in a sentence should agree in number. This means that a singular subject requires a singular verb, and a plural subject requires a plural verb. For example:

Incorrect: The dogs eats the food.
Correct: The dogs eat the food.

Missing or unclear subject: Every sentence should have a clear subject that performs the action or is described in the sentence. Omitting the subject or using a vague pronoun can lead to confusion. For example:

Incorrect: Walked to the store. (Missing subject)
Correct: I walked to the store.

Subject-object confusion: Sometimes, people mistakenly use an object as the subject of a sentence instead of the correct subject. This can result in grammatically incorrect sentences. For example:

Incorrect: Him and I went to the movies.
Correct: He and I went to the movies.

Subject pronoun disagreement: When using pronouns as the subject, it's important to ensure they agree with the verb form. For example:

Incorrect: They was playing in the park.
Correct: They were playing in the park.

Incorrect word order: In some cases, the subject may be placed incorrectly in the sentence, disrupting the clarity and flow. It's important to ensure that the subject is positioned correctly in relation to the verb and other sentence elements. For example:

Incorrect: Running in the park was my dog.
Correct: My dog was running in the park.

Compound subjects: When there are multiple subjects connected by "and," "or," or "nor," it's crucial to use a plural verb form. For example:

Incorrect: The cat and the dog is sleeping.
Correct: The cat and the dog are sleeping.

Remember that the subject is a fundamental component of a sentence, and understanding how to use it correctly is essential for clear and effective communication. By being mindful of these common issues, you can improve your sentence construction and avoid common mistakes.

Videos on Sentences

Exercises on Subjects of Sentences

Underline the subject in each sentence

The cat chased the mouse.
The students are studying for the test.
The dog ate the bone.
The rain fell on the ground.
The flowers bloomed in the spring.

1. cat 2. students 3. dog 4. rain 5. flowers.

Please click here to get a more extensive exercise on the above.

Fill in the blank with the missing subject

_________________ are playing in the park.
_________________ is the president of the United States.
_________________ ate the last piece of cake.
_________________ is my favorite animal.
_________________ is the capital of France.

1. Children 2. Joe Biden 3. I 4. Dog 5. Paris.

Please click here to get a more extensive exercise on the above.

Identify the subject and verb in each sentence

The cat chased the mouse.
The students are studying for the test.
The dog ate the bone.
The rain fell on the ground.
The flowers bloomed in the spring.

1. cat, chased 2. students, are studying 3. dog, ate 4. rain, fell 5. flowers bloomed.

Please click here to get a more extensive exercise on the above.

Identifying different types of subjects

The beautiful, white flowers bloomed in the garden.
The birds and the bees sang in the garden.
The birds sang in the trees.
The car drove down the street.
The cars and trucks drove down the highway.
The cat jumped on the table.
The children played in the park.
The delicious, chocolate cake was eaten by everyone.
The dogs and cats ate their food.
The happy, playful children played in the park.
The noisy, chattering birds sang in the trees.
The old, red car drove down the street.
The students and the teacher went on a field trip.
The teacher gave the students a test.

1. The beautiful, white flowers 2. The birds and the bees 3. The birds 4. The boys and the girls 5. The car 6. The cars and trucks 7. The cat 8. The children 9. The delicious, chocolate cake 10. The dogs and cats 11. The happy, playful children 12 .The noisy, chattering birds 13. The old, red car 14. The students and the teacher 15. The teacher

Please click here to get a more extensive exercise on the above.

« Parts of Sentences ≡ Index Simple Subjects »

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Underline the subject in each sentence

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Identify the subject and verb in each sentence

Identifying different types of subjects

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